Mafia - A History Essay -- essays research papers

Throughout history, crime has existed in many different forms and has been committed by not only individuals, but by groups as well. Crime is something that knows no boundaries; it exists in all cultures, is committed by all races, and has existed in all time periods. Crime exists as a part of the economic institution and is a lifestyle for many people. Crime also exists in both organized and un organized forms. Since the early 1900's, "organized" crime has existed in the United States. The following will show where, when, and why the Mafia came to the United States, who organized it in the United States, and how it differed from its origins in the European mafia. By showing this you will see how this specific type of organized crime has In the ninth century, Arab forces occupied Sicily. The native Sicilians were oppressed and took refuge in the surrounding hills. The Sicilians formed a secret society to unite the natives against the Arab and Norman invaders. This secret so ciety was called Mafia after the Arabic word for refuge. The society's intentions were to create a sense of family based on ancestry and Sicilian heritage. In the 1700's, pictures of a black hand were distributed to the wealthy. This was an unspoken request for an amount of money in return for protection. If the money was not paid, the recipients could expect violence such as kidnappings, bombings, and murder. By the nineteenth century, this society grew larger and more criminally oriented. In 1876, Mafia Don Rafael Palizzolo, ran for political office in Sicily. He forced the voters to vote for him under gunpoint. After being elected into office, he promoted Mafia Don Crispi as Prime Minister. Together the two put Sicily under government control and funneled government funds to the society known as the Mafia. In the 1800's, New Orleans was the largest Mafia site in the United States. It was while investigating the murder of an Italian immigrant that the current Police Chief, David H ennessey discovered the existence of this secret society. Police Chief Hennessey was assassinated before this murder case could go to trial. Twelve men were charged with this assassination but were lynched by a newly formed vigilante group. The Italian Ambassador demanded that the vigilantes be tried. President Harrison who disproved of the vigilantes and gave a large cash settlement to the families ... ...ia consists of a large group of glorified thieves, pickpockets and murderers. Although it began with the adoption of much of the Sicilian heritage it has evolved into an organization that's sole purpose is to make money using any illegal means possible. The members of the American Mafia use extortion, bootlegging, prostitution, gambling, kidnapping, and murder to achieve their ends. The above research has shown that the Mafia has become a wide spread problem. The Mafia has continued to grow and infest our society from the early 1900's. It continues to exploit and destroy the honest citizens of our country. Now, these criminal organizations not only control the adults of our communities but also have begun, through the sale and distribution of narcotics, to control our children. Crime organizations must be stopped however this is a difficult task. They have infiltrated members of our government and law enforcement agencies with the lure of money. Unfortunately, crime does pay in m any instances. It is up to each of us to not look the other way, but be aware that there are really no victimless crimes. One way or another, we all pay either by higher taxes or by a more violent society.

Strategic Management Assignment

HANOI UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT AND TOURISM —————-o0o—————- INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS Research in Motion Ltd. Tutor: Mr. Nguy? n Anh Quan Students: Ph? m Thanh H? ng M? u Minh Tuy? n Vu Ng? c Anh Class: Tutorial 3 Course: Strategic Management Date: 16/09/2009 Word count: 3, 261 words I. INTRODUCTION Besides external environment analysis, in order to craft a plausible strategy, the company has to understand itself as well, or in other words, to carefully evaluate its resources and competitive position. In this report, we look into the case of Research in Motion Ltd. RIM) to illustrate this point. Firstly, we will provide readers with background knowledge of the company, following by assessment of the company’s current strategy. Then, the SWOT analysis is executed, and the weighted competitive strength assessments is considered. Lastly, from the analysis, we provide the list of issues and problems t hat merit front-burner managerial attention. II. BODY 1. Company’s background: RIM was founded in 1984 by Mike Lazardis. Based in Waterloo, Ontario, the company also has offices in North America, Europe and Asia Pacific. RIM provides platforms and solutions for access to time-sensitive information, including email, phone, Instant Messaging (IM), short message service (SMS) messaging, Global Positioning System (GPS), Internet and intranet-based applications. RIM is known primarily as the maker and provider of Blackberry wireless devices and e-mail services. It can provide users with a wireless extension of their work and personal email accounts, including Microsoft Outlook, IBM Lotus Notes, Novell GroupWise and many Internet service provider (ISP) email services. RIM has recently reached 14 million subscribers worldwide and had just over $6 billion in revenue. In early 2008, RIM was one of Canada’s largest companies with a market capitalization of $69. 4 billion. RIM had more than 100,000 enterprise customers and an estimated 42% market share of converged devices. Revenues were contributed mainly by handheld sales (73%), followed by service (18%), software (6%) and other revenues (3%). In 2007, 57. 9% of RIM’s revenues were derived from the US, 7. 3% from Canada and the remaining 34. % from other countries. RIM had over 270 carrier partnerships in more than 110 countries. In terms of product innovation, RIM has a wide range of product design and innovation awards, including recognition from Computerworld as one of the Top 10 Products of the Past 40 Years. 2. Assessment of company’s current strategy 2. 1 Company’s strategic approach: RIM’s strategy focuses mainly on differentiating its products from those of competitors in order to serve a niche market for business class. In terms of differentiation, the BlackBerry wireless platform and line of handhelds include e-mail, phone, IM, SMS, internet, music, camera, video, radio, organizer, GPS and a variety of other applications. BlackBerry’s small size, long battery life, and ease of use, made the product extremely popular with busy executives who valued the safe and secure delivery of corporate mail. In fact, organizations that relied on sensitive information, such as the U. S. government and large financial institutions, were early and loyal adopters of BlackBerry and RIM’s largest customers. RIM’s enterprise e-mail servers, which were attached to the customer’s e-mail and IM servers behind company firewalls, encrypted and redirected e-mail and other data before forwarding the information to end consumers through wireless service providers (see Exhibit 3). RIM had more than 100,000 enterprise customers and an estimated 42 per cent market share of converged devices as mentioned above. 2. 2 Firm’s competitive scope: RIM has a quite narrow geographic market coverage, mainly in the region of North America, with the US market contributing 57. % of RIM’s revenues, 7. 3% from Canada and the rest 34. 8% from other countries. The company competes in several industries, including wireless devices, software and service. In terms of revenue distribution, as mentioned above, handheld sales is in the first rank 73%, followed by service 18%, software 6% and other revenues 3%. 2. 3 Recent move position and performance: In terms of competing against rivals, RIM ’s strengths firstly lie in the ability to improve its products both in design and technology. For example, RIM had recently introduced the award-winning Blackberry Pearl and Blackberry Curve, which were a significant design from previous models and for the first time targeted both normal consumer and business professionals. RIM had a variety of product designs and innovation awards, including one of the â€Å"Top 10 Products† from Computerworld in the Past 40 Years. Recently, RIM has stepped up in advertising its product, like images from celebrities like Madonna and Paris Hilton holding Blackberry in their hands. Especially, US President Obama were sighting using Blackberry device. Also, RIM is very brave to open their target market to younger consumers instead of their usual business consumers by launching Facebook, partnerships with software developers to bring popular games such as Guitar Hero II to the Blackberry mobile platform. Another illustration is that just six months after launching Facebook for BlackBerry, downloads of the popular social networking software application had topped one million, indicating that younger consumers were gravitating towards the popular handhelds. All these actions suggest a more aggressive move to the consumer, or at least prosumer, smartphone space. What’s more, RIM is expanding the number of product and technology development facilities in locations such as Fort Lauderdale. Geographic expansion is an essential strategy, but it has its trade-off. We will talk more about this in the SWOT analysis. One of the key factor for RIM to win over competitors is in the field of R&D. RIM employed just over 2,100 people with different R&D areas of expertise: radio frequency engineering, hardware and software design,audio and display improvement, antenna design, circuit board design, power management, industrial design, and manufacturing engineering, among others. R&D efforts focused on improving the functionality, security and performance of the BlackBerry solution, as well as developing new devices for current and emerging network technologies and market segments. R&D had increased significantly both in terms of the total number of employees as well as the geographic scope of its operations. Since 2000, the R&D group had grown more than tenfold, from 200 to 2,100 people and expanded to two more locations in Canada. Additionally, by merging with competitors, RIM had over 270 carrier partnerships in more than 110 countries around the world. Through the Blackberry Connect licensing program other leading device manufacturers such as Motorola, Nokia, Samsung and Sony Ericsson could also equip their handsets with Blackberry functionality and other technologies. 2. 4. Evaluating the strategy: 2. 4. 1 From quantitative standpoint: †¢ In 2007 revenue increased by 98% from the previous year. †¢ Reached 14 million subscribers worldwide and had just over $6 billion in revenue (see Exhibits 1 and 2). †¢ Since 2000, the R&D group had grown more than tenfold, from 200 to 2,100 people, made up about 35 per cent of RIM’s 6,254 employees. Total headcount had also been growing in double digits over the last five years (see Exhibit 7). †¢ Low employee turnover rate and received â€Å"Canada’s 10 most admired corporate culture†. 2. 4. 2 Key indicators of how well the strategy is working †¢ Firm’s sale, market share and customers: 14 million subscribers in 2008, nearly double than in 200 7 with 8 million subscribers worldwide. †¢ $6 billion in revenue, doubling of that in 2007 (see Exhibits 1 and 2) †¢ 1/6 of the market share (Exhibits 8). RIM revenue compared with others: For 4 years RIM revenue increased 10 times more from $595 million to $6,009 million, while the leader Nokia almost double ( $46,606 million to $80,672 million), Motorola from $23,155 million to $36,622 million. Apple from $6,207 million to 24,006 mil and Palm from $838 million to $1,561 million. Overall, RIM had the fastest growing rate (Exhibits 6). †¢ As one of the first to market with two-way messaging, over the years RIM has continuously improve its design and technology with award-winning models like Blackberry Pearl and Blackberry Curve. Also, good money is being spent on investment in R&D to keep up with the change of the mobile industry. This creates a good image and reputation of the company to customers. 3. SWOT Analysis: 3. 1 Strengths: †¢ Product innovation: (a competence) The rationale of R & D Department at RIM is: â€Å"Communication Through Innovation†. ? Products that attract the attention of both consumers and business professionals. Originally built for busy professionals, BlackBerry had made considerable headway in the consumer market and become something of a social phenomenon. CO-OP program with the University of Waterloo. CO-OP supplies business and industry with experience and contacts, as well as the opportunities to apply and refine what is learned in class. †¢ World leader in Business Mobile Communications market: ? One of the only trusted phones for the business-class mobile e-mail. As mentioned above, BlackBerry integrate e-mail, phone, IM, SMS, internet, GPS and a variety of o ther, in addition to small size, long battery life, and ease of use; making the product extremely popular with busy entrepreuners. Accumulated wide range of product design and innovation awards, recognition by Computerworld as Top 10 products of the past 40 Years. RIM had more than 100,000 enterprise customers and an estimated 42 per cent market share of converged devices, and significantly higher market share of data-only devices, in North America. †¢ Secure delivery: ? Source code is one of their few technical assets which is highly protected and is a key role in the success of the company, delivering the safe and secure voice and data transmission on which the BlackBerry reputation was built. This can be considered as a distinctive competence of RIM. †¢ Strong working culture: RIM’s core competence. ? Company culture has contributed towards a lower turnover rate compared to larger companies, and more happy employees. They have flexibility, adaptability and the ability to work collaboratively. There are not a lot of process or the kind of bureaucracy. 3. 2 Weaknesses: †¢ Shortage of physical space at RIM’s Waterloo campus. It is considered as a hazard of a growing company since it is not going to be conducive for expansion. †¢ Internal resistance to expand R&D to locations outside of Waterloo. There are people here, even leaders and senior people, who said: â€Å"What? Products being built elsewhere? No! We can’t do that! Then we won’t have any control! † So, some of it is a cultural shift and a mind shift for the people that have been there and it is hard for them to let go and to be part of a really big company. 3. 3 Oppo rtunities: †¢ Economic situation: ? Many smaller firms and technology start ups are struggling financially. ? In light of the dynamic market situation, RIM needs to ensure that its investment in R&D keeps up with the pace of change in the mobile industry. Analysts predict an immense opportunity for smart phones starting in 2008-2009, which shipments reaching the billions by 2012. †¢ There are not many trusted alternatives for business-class mobile e-mail. RIM could be one of the world’s biggest handset manufacturers in the future. 3. 4 Threats: †¢ Global economic downturn recently caused a lot of difficulties for all companies, and RIM is not taken into the exception. †¢ Explosive growth and increased competition on the R&D team to develop new solutions in the global smartphones market. In 2007, Symbian Operating System designed for mobile devices held an estimation of 65 percent worldwide share of the converged devices, shipping 77. 3 million smartphones. The second position was given to Microsoft’s Windows Mobile OS with 12 percent while RIM Blackberry OS at 11 percent. †¢ Apple announced that it would be pursuing the business segment, as Microsoft and Google were also both trying. Apple’s innovation in its mobile user interface and new technology (thermal touch screen) has created a new trend in mobile phone usage. This prompted a lot of design activities among competitors. Key competitors have already expanded globally while RIM is just on the way to be a global player. As can be seen from the SWOT above, RIM has a lot of strengths compared with its weaknesses. Its main problems that need solving currently are the expansion of the head quarter in Waterloo and the frightful competitiveness between competitors since there are day-by-day changes in technology that is considered as the matter of life and death for every player in mobile industry. When RIM becomes a global cell-phone producer, it has to face with th e competition from giants such as NOKIA, Motorola, Apple, Palm, etc. . Weighted competitive strength assessment To do the weighted competitive strength assessment of RIM, we take 2 main competitors namely Apple and Nokia. In order to have a precise view, we would like to consider the competitive assessment merely in the biggest industry of RIM – smart phones. The 8 key success factors that most affect industry’s members to prosper in the marketplace are identified. Among them, qualified human resource and quality of the products are considered the most important, thus get the weight of 0. 2. These are followed by the innovation to create new product, which is given 0. 15 weight. Reputation/image, financial resources, technological skills and product security are all rated as of medium importance, hence having 0. 1 weight. Last comes the customer service capability with the weight of 0. 05. [pic] From the assessments, it is seen that RIM ranks higher than its two competitors in terms of product quality and product security. However, the company is not as good as rivals in other aspects. Therefore, all things considered, the firm has a net competitive disadvantage versus major competitors, with the weighted overall strength rating of only 6. 9 compared to Apple’s 7. 4 rate and Nokia’s 8. 5. 5. Strategic issues and problems that merit front-burner managerial attention After careful consideration of both industry and competitive analysis, as well as the evaluations of the company’s own competitiveness, we have come to the â€Å"worry list† that is further discussed below. This list points out strategic issues that the managers of Rese arch in Motion need to address and resolve so that the company can be more financially and competitively successful in the years ahead. ? How to recruit and retain qualified engineers: As mentioned above, R&D and engineering were the heart and soul of RIM. Therefore, the growth of the company is in close relationship with the development of its technological human resource. With the explosive growth of the firm, since 2000, the R&D group had grown more than tenfold, from 200 to 2,100 people. However, the industry is experiencing a scarcity in the labor market, especially for high-skilled workers, leading to fierce competition to attract talented individuals. †¢ In the specific situation of RIM, because of its centralization in Waterloo, the company relies heavily on the labor supply of the region. However, this resource is strictly limited. On the other hand, the enterprise also faces threats from other companies, such as Microsoft or Google, as Waterloo is regarded as â€Å" an incredible pool of talent†. †¢ Attracting outside talent to Waterloo was difficult given the competitive nature of the global software development industry. The city of 115,000 people might not be perceived by some candicates to be as attractive as other high-tech centers which were more cosmopolitan, for instance Silicon Valley, or Taipei, Mitaka, Glasgow. †¢ In software, breakthrough innovations often came from small teams led by a visionary. In other words, although new graduates were essential, to be ahead of the game, a good proportion of the incoming employees for RIM was going to have to be senior hires. In the dynamic wireless communications market, exceptional software developers were scarce. †¢ From another perspective, similar to other players in the telecommunication industry, it is RIM’s policy to maintain its R&D spending as a consistent percentage of total sales. R&D expenses are seen as a proxy for new product or service development, therefore used as a key indicator of future revenue potential. Human capital represented the bulk of R&D dollars and in fact, this rate is decreasing from 10. 59% in 2004 to 5. 99% in 2008. This is significantly low compared to rivals’ rate: Palm with 12. 24%, Motorola with 12. 09% and Nokia with 10. 20%. As a result, the need to increase the R&D employees is crucial to the development of the corporation. ? How to solve the shortage of physical space at RIM’s Waterloo: This is another problem that needs attention from managers of RIM. The expansion of physical space is essential to satisfy the current demand of organization’s people as well as facilitate the growing human resource. Whether to remain centered in Waterloo or expand existing geographies: Maintaining the centralization in its headquarter brings about various benefits, such as the nurturing of the corporate culture, or the control of technology together with core activities. In fact, the cryptographic and software source code of Blackberry on which the brand repu tation was built is considered uncompromised by the corporation. It is said by Chris Wormald, vice president of strategic alliences, that â€Å"Our source code is really among our few enduring technical assets. We have gone through extraordinary measures to protect it. We don’t give anyone any access under any circumstances. This vertical integration of technology makes geographic expansion and outsourcing of software development very difficult. † Therefore, intellectual property rights is strategically managed through a strategy that divided core platform development from product and technology development, with most of the core work still occuring in Waterloo. However, it is also concerned that without geographical expansion, the company can be left behind in its competition. How to maintain the unique culture while expanding the company: The culture at RIM headquarters was seen as one of its differentiators and was a key factor in RIM’s low employee turnover rate. The company has recently been recognized as one of â€Å" Canada’s 10 Most Admired Corporate Cultures†. This culture is described as flexible, adaptable and supportive, leading to the ability t o respond quickly to market opportunities of the firm. Compared to its competitors, RIM has a nice and dynamic environment, a place engineers like to work. Nevertheless, this unique culture is being challenged. The exponential growth of the company means the dramatic increase in human resource, and how to integrate the newcomers into RIM’s culture becomes an alarming question. Furthermore, when expansion of R&D is brought into consideration, internal resistance is also heard. People complained about changing in the strategy. So here a cultural shift for the people is required. ? How to compete with rivals in markets other than the North America: In terms of operating system, RIM Blackberry is ranked the third worldwide, with 11% market share in 2007, and the first in North America. In the same year, 57. % of RIM’s revenues were derived from the United States, 7. 3% from Canada and the remaining 34. 8% from other countries. Currently RIM had offices in North America, Europe and Asia Pacific, however, it had only three wholly owned subsidiaries — two in Delaware and one in England. From this statistics, it can be seen that the main market of Blackberry is still North Amer ica. To compete successfully, RIM has to enhance its appearance and market share in other major markets as well. Expanding the global reach of Blackberry solutions is therefore a fundamental part of RIM’s strategy. III. CONCLUSION From the internal environment analysis, we draw a conclusion that RIM is pursuing a reasonable strategy of focus differentiation. Its trend to move toward the consumer market is wise, promising to bring more market share and profits for the company. However, because of its small size and limited resources compared to big players in the industry, it is somehow having a net competitive disadvantage. To further itself in the future, the company should enhance its strengths, minimize the weaknesses together with catching opportunities as well as eliminating threats. The worry list above should be considered carefully so that the company can be compete more successfully in the coming years. REFERENCE 1. Company Histories. â€Å"Research in Motion Ltd. † [Online] Available at: http://www. fundinguniverse. com/company-histories/Research-in-Motion-Ltd-Company-History. html [Accessed 20 August 2009]. 2. Pkaasish, 2008. â€Å"Research in Motion Ltd. Always on, always connected†. [Online] Available at: http://www. oppapers. com/essays/Blackbberry/132559 [Accessed 22 August 2009]. 3. 2008. â€Å"RIM Reviews in Waterloo, ON (Canada)†. [Online] Available at: http://www. lassdoor. com/Reviews/RIM-Waterloo-Company-Reviews-EI_IE9091. 0,3_IL. 4,12_IC2280158_IP4. htm [Accessed 30 August 2009]. 4. PATRICIA BOW, 2008. â€Å"BUSINESS†¦ not as usual†. [Online] Available at: http://www. alumni. uwaterloo. ca/alumni/pubs/magazine/spring09/business/index. html [Accessed 30 August 2009]. 5. Arik Hesseldahl, 2006. â€Å"BlackBerry vs. Redberry in China†. [Online] Available at: http://www. businessweek. com/technology/content/apr2006/tc20060413_266291. htm? chan=search [Accessed 30 August 2009]. 6. Innovation, 2008. â€Å"BlackBerry: Innovation Behind the Icon†. Online] Available at: http://www. businessweek. com/innovate/content/apr2008/id2008044_416784_page_2. htm [Accessed 1 September 2009]. 7. Singapore and Reading (UK), 2008. â€Å"Smart mobile device shipments hit 118 million in 2007, up 53% on 2006†. [Online] Available at: http://www. canalys. com/pr/2008/r2008021. htm [Accessed 2 September 2009]. 8. Wikipedia, 2008. â€Å"Smartphone†. [Online] Available at: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Smartphone [Accessed 3 September 2009]. 9. BlackBerry Nation Sample Chapter. â€Å"Chapter Two: The Birth of the BlackBerry†. [Online] Available at: http://blackberrynationbook. om/index. php/BlackBerry_Nation_Sample_Chapter#Financing_The_BlackBerry [Accessed 2 September 2009]. 10. Damian Francis, 2009. â€Å"Screw You Economic Downturn, We’re BlackBerry! †. [Online] Available at: http://www. popsci. com/gear-amp-gadgets/article/2009-02/screw-you-economic-downturn-we%E2%80%99re-blackberry [Accessed 6 September 2009]. Exhibit 1 Note: RIM Fiscal year ends in March (Fiscal 2008 is the year ending March 31, 2008) Source: RIM Fiscal 2007 Annual Report and Fiscal 2008 Press Release (April 2, 2008) Exhibit 2 [pic][pic] Exhibit 3 [pic] 1. BlackBerry ® Enterprise Server : Robust software that acts as the centralized link between wireless devices, wireless networks and enterprise applications. The server integrates with enterprise messaging and collaboration systems to provide mobile users with access to email, enterprise instant messaging and personal information management tools. All data between applications and BlackBerry ® smartphones flows centrally through the server. 2. BlackBerry ® Mobile Data System (BlackBerry MDS): An optimized framework for creating, deploying and managing applications for the BlackBerry Enterprise Solution. It provides essential components that enable applications beyond email to be deployed to mobile users, including developer tools, administrative services and BlackBerry ® Device Software. It also uses the same proven BlackBerry push delivery model and advanced security features used for BlackBerry email. 3. BlackBerry Smartphones: Integrated wireless voice and data devices that are optimized to work with the BlackBerry Enterprise Solution. They provide push-based access to email and data from enterprise applications and systems in addition to web, MMS, SMS and organizer applications. . BlackBerry ® Connectâ„ ¢ Devices: Devices available from leading manufacturers that feature BlackBerry push delivery technology and connect to the BlackBerry Enterprise Server. 5. BlackBerry ® Alliance Program: A large community of independent software vendors, system integrators and solution providers that offer applications, services and solutions for the BlackBerry Enterprise Solution. It i s designed to help organizations make the most of the BlackBerry Enterprise Solution when mobilizing their enterprises. 6. BlackBerry Solution Services: A group of services that include: BlackBerry ® Technical Support Services, BlackBerry ® Training, RIM ® Professional Services and the Corporate Development Program. These tools and programs are designed to help organizations deploy, manage and extend their wireless solution. Source: http://na. blackberry. com/eng/ataglance/solutions/architecture. jsp Exhibit 4 [pic][pic] Source: http://www. rim. com/newsroom/media/gallery/index. shtml and Fortune, â€Å"BlackBerry: Evolution of an icon,† Jon Fortt, Sept 21, 2007, accessed April 7, 2008: http://bigtech. blogs. fortune. cnn. om/blackberry-evolution-of-an-icon-photos-610/ Exhibit 5 MOBILE TELEPHONE USERS WORLDWIDE (IN MILLIONS) [pic] Source: Created from data accessed from the Global Market Information Database, April 4, 2008, http://www. portal. euromonitor. com. proxy1. lib. uwo. ca:2048/portal/server. pt? control=SetCommunity&CommunityID=207&PageID=720&cached=false&space=CommunityPage Exhibi t 6 [pic] [pic] Note: Nokia 2007 includes Nokia Siemens. Source: Company Annual Reports. Exhibit 7 [pic] Source: RIM Annual Reports. Exhibit 8 Market share of mobile operating system 2008 [pic] Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

German Adverbs Erst vs. Nur

The two German adverbs erst and nur are close in meaning and are sometimes used interchangeably: They should not be. Doing so changes the meaning of your sentence, as the translation of this following sentences demonstrates. (The German word or phrase is presented in italics on the left and the English translation is listed on the right throughout this article.) Meine Schwester hat erst zwei Kinder. My sister has two children at the moment.Meine Schwester hat nur zwei Kinder. My sister has only two children. Learning the difference between these two important German adverbs, and when to use them, will help you greatly in your studies of the language. Erst Definition and Examples Erst can have a temporal definition meaning only or not until. Use erst in its temporal sense when the context suggests a restriction to a point in time or when the speaker’s expectations for a point in time has been changed. These examples show erst in its temporal definition: Mein Mann kommt erst am Samstag.   My husband is coming only on Saturday.Es sieht so aus, dass mein Mann erst am Samstag kommen kann.   It now looks like my husband won’t be coming until Saturday. (The speaker’s expectation of her husband’s arrival time has been changed.)Es ist erst neun Uhr.   It is only 9 o’clock. (The speaker thought it was later than 9 o’ clock.)Sie wird erst schlafen wenn sie heimkommt.   She is going sleep only when she comes home. (Only then will she sleep.) Erst can also have a quantitative definition, meaning only or no more than. Erst is used in its quantitative definition when the context suggests a provisional restriction of a quantity or of time that is likely to change. For instance: Magst du den ÃÅ"beltà ¤ter des Buches?   Do you like the villain of the book?Ich kenne ihn noch nicht. Ich habe erst fà ¼nf Seiten dieses Buches gelesen. I dont know him. I’ve read only five pages of this book. (The speaker is going to read more.) Nur Definition and Examples Nur, by contrast, means only or just. This may seem similar to erst, but nur serves to pinpoint a definitive point in time, a quantity or action that isn’t expected to change. For example: Mein Mann geht nur am Samstag zur Konferenz   He is going only on Saturday to the conference. (That’s the one and only day that he is expected to go.)Sie bleibt nur eine Stunde.   She is staying only one hour.Ich bin mà ¼de, deswegen habe ich nur fà ¼nf Seiten dieses Buches gelesen.   I am tired, that is why I have read only five pages from the book. (The speaker is not going to read more than five pages.)Sie will nur schlafen   She wants to just sleep. (That’s all she wants to do now.) Exercise: Nur O der Erst? Fill in the following sentences with either nur or erst: Sometimes both are possible, depending on what you want to say. Then check your responses against the answers below. Meine Tante ist _______ heute abgefahren.Ich habe _______ zwanzig Euro in meinem Porte-monnaie.Sie ist _______ seit drei Tagen abgefahren.Unser Sohn kommt _________, wenn er uns braucht.Meine Nachbarin kommt _________ fà ¼r zehn Minuten.Es ist ________ acht Uhr.Ich werde ________ Fernsehen gucken, wenn ich mit meiner Hausaufgabe fertig bin.Ich will _________ Fernsehen gucken. Answers Meine Tante ist erst  heute  abgefahren. My aunt left only today.Ich habe nur zwanzig Euro in meinem Porte-monnaie. I have only 20 euros in my wallet.Sie ist erst seit drei Tagen abgefahren. She left just three days ago.Unser Sohn kommt erst/nur, wenn er uns braucht. Our son will come once he has need of us. / Our son comes only when he needs us.Meine Nachbarin kommt nur fà ¼r zehn Minuten. Our neighbor is coming only for 10 minutes.Es ist erst  acht  Uhr. It is only 8 o’clock.Ich werde erst Fernsehen gucken, wenn ich mit meiner Hausaufgabe fertig bin. I will only watch TV when I am done with my homework.Ich will nur Fernsehen  gucken. I just want to watch TV.

Earning Your Masters of Business Administration Degree Online 2019

Since the Internet has become an educational institution, one of the most popular programs in the field is the masters in business administration. There are a number of reasons for this and, correspondingly, there are a number of educational facilities offering the degree online. What once were known as correspondence courses have become the curriculum for distance learning, delivered yesterday via the United States Postal Service and today over the internet. Online education has become a mainstream choice for both computer owners and traditional educational institutions. You can take individual courses, or a concentrated curriculum and receive a certificate recognizing completion of a course of study. Every traditional college degree from Associate to Doctorate is available through online schools. Online education tends to be a choice of people who are beyond college age and for one reason or another, wish to further their educational achievements. The goal can be completion of a degree begun long ago or it can be adding the necessary education to advance personal options in the business world. Online students are most often seeking to provide themselves with credentials to move up within their chosen profession, or to move on to a new field of endeavor. That is why the masters program in business administration is so popular on the internet. .u8fda3a4bb564485f5228adafd6ec8e8d { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u8fda3a4bb564485f5228adafd6ec8e8d:active, .u8fda3a4bb564485f5228adafd6ec8e8d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u8fda3a4bb564485f5228adafd6ec8e8d { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u8fda3a4bb564485f5228adafd6ec8e8d .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u8fda3a4bb564485f5228adafd6ec8e8d .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u8fda3a4bb564485f5228adafd6ec8e8d:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Associate Degree in Criminal Justice Boost Earning Potential and Streamline into the Criminal Justice WorkforceAn online MBA is the hammer to the glass ceiling for many thousands of people who have gotten as far as they can go with a bachelors degree, whether it is finance-oriented or not. Today, human resources departments use scanners to sort resumes submitted for job postings. If the words masters and business administration dont pop up, many an application for an executive position is out of contention. This is increasingly true for mid-level professional positions, and it is also true even when the hiring process favors existing employees. Too often, the MBA is a non-negotiable requirement for a certain level of professional responsibility within a corporate structure. It doesnt matter who you know or how well youve performed. Business administration studies on the internet are perfect for the employed professional who wants to move forward. Classes and studies can be scheduled around work hours, and course loads can vary according to the students other responsibilities. The internet offers a wide variety of masters programs in business administration that specialize in areas of professional expertise. .u94d4695bc87b0a2eb854b4138793f47b { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u94d4695bc87b0a2eb854b4138793f47b:active, .u94d4695bc87b0a2eb854b4138793f47b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u94d4695bc87b0a2eb854b4138793f47b { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u94d4695bc87b0a2eb854b4138793f47b .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u94d4695bc87b0a2eb854b4138793f47b .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u94d4695bc87b0a2eb854b4138793f47b:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Success and Online Finance DegreeAs an example, the University of Phoenix Online offers masters degrees in business administration with special focus in these areas: marketing, accounting, global management, human resources management and public administration. Through Phoenix you can also enroll in an executive masters of business administration program, also on the internet. Also on the internet, Jones International University has MBA programs of study that specialize in entrepreneurship, finance, health care management, information technology management and information security management. These are partial lists that provide an example of the wealth of business administration degrees that can be achieved on the internet. The masters in business administration is a perfect mid-career tool for people who are well into adulthood before beginning to chart a real career path. The internet is made for people who want to return to school while maintaining jobs and family obligations. For many of us, its a perfect fit. .ua4fa67aff9021568a97f38acba674242 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .ua4fa67aff9021568a97f38acba674242:active, .ua4fa67aff9021568a97f38acba674242:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .ua4fa67aff9021568a97f38acba674242 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .ua4fa67aff9021568a97f38acba674242 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .ua4fa67aff9021568a97f38acba674242 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .ua4fa67aff9021568a97f38acba674242:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Bachelor Degree in Nursing Online Nephrology Nurses Attend to the Complex Needs of Patients with Kidney Disease Related ArticlesGetting a Paralegal Degree OnlineEarning a Degree in Business AdministrationStudying Computer Science Through Distance LearningOnline Masters and Doctorates Degrees in EducationIT Colleges Are The Path To IT CareersOnline Courses in Computer Science

Herritage Assesment - 1019 Words

Running head: Heritage Assessment Heritage Assessment Caridad Doucet Grand Canyon University: NRS-429V Family Centered Health Promotions Melva Bost RN, MS August 26, 2012 Heritage Assessment The United States has become a multicultural country. Everywhere you look, you see a plethora of cultures that range from Hispanic and African to Asian and American Indian. The varied traditions and beliefs of a multicultural country impact how nurses implement patient-centered care. The best way to provide optimal care in nursing is to become better informed in how different cultures view health maintenance, protection, and restoration. The Heritage Assessment is a wonderful tool to obtain information that can be used†¦show more content†¦The nurse is also married to a man from a different ethnicity (White -Anglo). The nurse’s mother was more traditional; she believed in herbal treatments for minor ailments like colds, ear aches, tooth aches, rashes, headaches and doctors for major illness like heart attacks, Diabetes, and Cancer. The nurse’s grandparents were from Mexico on father’s side and Arizona on Mother’s side. The n urse’s native language is Spanish, but the nurse is more comfortable with English because that is used more in home, work and among friends. One stereotype that is broken with this nurse is that most Hispanics are catholic and celebrate holidays from Mexico. Being born and raised in Tucson, Arizona meant celebrations are more about the United States like the fourth of July, Veterans Day and Valentine’s Day. This nurse interviewed individuals with the following races according to Smith: African American-Kenyan, Asian-Filipino, and Hispanic-Mexican American. It was interesting to note that although the three cultures studied spoke different language and was from different parts of the world, religion and deep family ties were highly valued. All three families shared the same religion, bible reading, praying and celebrating religious holidays. The differences came from where the families were born. The Nurse was born in the United States and the African family was born in Kenya. The Filipino family was born in the Philippines. The African and the

Making of Symbolic Interactionism Social World

Question: Discuss about the Making of Symbolic Interactionism Social World. Answer: Introduction: The sociological paradigms provide an insight into the understanding of the issues prevalent in the society as encountered through daily experiences or appropriate experiments and in this context Symbolic Interactionism is regarded as an important one. This paradigm may be applied in the social scenario to assess the real life situation corresponding to their implications. The census data for the Gold Coast published for the year 2011 showcases significant findings that a bulk of the population comprising of 7.4% are unemployed while approximately 7% of the population belonged to the age group of 20-29 years and therefore constitute the youth population. Appropriate authorities have revealed in reports that the city has been thwarted by social issues due to increase in the incidence of crime and violence among the youths. The young people are the most vulnerable to the detrimental effects of this due to dearth of social service facilities that might ameliorate the condition. Accordin g to the propositions of the symbolic interactionism, human behavior comprising of the interactions and communications is fostered by gestures, words and other symbols that have acquired conventional perceptions and meanings (Carl et al. 2011). The specific activities pertinent to individuals need to be studied and analyzed in depth in order to facilitate the maintenance of a congenial social environment conducive to the growth and emancipation of the individuals achieved through utilization of the specific resources. Change in the behavior of an individual due to alteration in the social setting often result in marked changes in the social structure (Rock 2016). Therefore the brimming problem concerning the youth may be addressed through this paradigm thereby suggesting suitable recommendations to tackle the situation. References Carl, J., Baker, S., Robards, B., Scott, J., Hillman, W. and Lawrence, G., 2011.Think sociology. Pearson Higher Education AU. Rock, P., 2016.Making of symbolic interactionism. Springer.

Rhetorical Analysis of Pharmaceutical Innovation free essay sample

A meaningful party has a dramatic impact on peoples lives. It was the second day of my university life. I was invited to a new student welcome party. At the beginning of the party, I felt really embarrassed. I knew none of those people In the party. I did not know what to do. For another thing, I have trouble on communicating with other foreigner, especially native English speaker. However, my mind changed quite a bit during middle of the party, and I was glad that I made some new friends. Moreover, I felt this welcome party completely accepted me. This welcome party is going to be a turning point of my student life in Victoria. Body paragraph 1: At the beginning of the party, felt really nervous. There were so many people in the lounge. I felt suffocated, and did not know how to solve this embarrassment. However, a simple game saved me. We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetorical Analysis of Pharmaceutical Innovation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We wrote our name on the paper and tossed It to other people. People could fled the right person base on others nutmeats. Through this game, I felt a bit more comfort. More over, we could ask questions with each other so we can find our common interests, and learnt more room each other.I felt more involve in this party, it did get better as the party goes Body paragraph 2: In the middle of the party, I changed my pollen about this party quite a bit. Then, I realized that I start to enjoy this party. Also, I made a couple of new friends that made me feel welcome. In the mea time, I could chat with them about their hometown, ask questions, and play games with them. It made me cozy. Furthermore, people got to show their talents on the party. For instance, there was a guy came from South Korea called John. John won championships of the KoreanNational dancing competition three times In a row. He decided to show his classic Hip Hop dancing tricks that was fabulous. And there was another African girl showed her beautiful voice through singing Halo from Beyond. Continuously, she also presented us with traditional dancing that was awesome. Even though, I really wanted to show some talents as well, I did not. Anyway, it was really exciting to enjoy peoples performances. Finally, it came to the end.. Body paragraph 3: Nearly the end of this party, I am completely blended in and fully Involved In this party and felt no more embarrassment.Additionally, this feeling gets stronger while chatting with my new friends. Especially, I talked with them about their personal issues. Therefore, I feel there was no gap between us and it actually felt great. Next, they served us with snacks, pizzas and cream cakes. We had foods and drinks together and it was quite pleasant. Finally, I think this would be my most memorable party at all time. Conclusion paragraph: My mind changed quite a bit through the entire party. Also, I am able to communicate with other people confidently and smoothly.